Because of this, there are many grammatical differences between direct and indirect speech. Pdf on jan 1, 2003, anatol stefanowitsch and others published a. When we turn direct speech into indirect, some changes are usually necessary. Use, amend or delete the lo and success criteria according to your schools house style. The purpose of this article is to suggest an alternative approach to the teaching of indirect, or reported, speech. Discovering the rules from practical english usage first, do discovering the rules. Sentence two is indirect speech, as the exact words are not being used. Reported statements mixed exercise change this direct speech into reported speech. In writing, it functions to move a piece along by boiling down points that an interview source made. Reported speech exercise direct reported is seeing was seeing sees saw saw sawhad seen has seen had seen will see would see is going to see was going to see can see could see direct reported here there this that these those now then today that day yesterday the previous day tomorrow the next day.
For exercises, you can reveal the answers first submit worksheet and print the page to have the exercise and the answers. Dec 30, 2009 a range of activities to teach and practise direct and indirect speech. There are some changes to the verbs with reported speech. Quoted and reported speech san jose state university. In this post we are providing you the practice set 1 for the use of narration direct and indirect speech keeping in view the upcoming written exams narration is one of the important topics of english grammar. It is ideal for the student to practice before a test or quiz, thats why it includes some sentences that must.
Direct speech i am in my house now indirect speech he was in his house then conversion to indirect speech following are some golden rules and easy steps to convert direct indirect speech. Helping learners understand how to form direct and indirect speech, use it correctly as well. A fully animated powerpoint presentation, with audio, for teaching or revising the reported speech. Click here for a list of reported speech exercises. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in i said, bill said, or they said. In indirect speech, words spoken by one person is reported in another place at a different time by a different person. Bibliography of roman history pdf the latin library. First, ask students to read the excerpts and tick the stories they already know about. Luckily, my friend is a photographer so he hell take the photos for us. Indirect speech is a means of expressing the content of statements, questions or other utterances, without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct speech.
If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the reported speech is not changed at all. After reading the rules of direct and indirect speech, you need to shift your focus more and more on the practice sets. The reporting verb can be asked or inquired to name but two. Indirect speech where the exact words are not used so speech marks are not needed.
Introduction there are two ways of relating what a person has said. When we tell other people what someone else told us, it is called indirect speech or reported speech. Direct speech where the exact words spoken are put into speech marks. Reporting the whole course students report something someone in the class including the teacher said, and the other students try to guess or remember who said it. This is nice near the end of a course or as part of a revision lesson. Age categories are key stages 2 and 3 england, but its unlikely to be needed much before year 5.
In case 2, the witness is reporting what the speaker has said matter and it is known as indirect speech. Fernandez carmona, english grammar with exercises, longman, 2000. Finding out common errors made by vietnamese learners and suggesting. They report the words without directly quoting them. Reported questions so now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. It is ideal for the student to practice before a test or quiz, thats why it includes some sentences that must be complete. Pay attention to backshift and the changes to pronouns, time, and place.
Last year, the minister said, the crisis will be overcome next year. A range of activities to teach and practise direct and indirect speech. Change of must in indirect speech english language. Reported speech tips and activities onestopenglish. In part 1 of this lesson on indirect reported speech, we will be looking at how we report statements, and the changes we must make to the original sentence. Interrogative clauses difficulties in reported speech direct and indirect interrogative forms.
The reputation requirement helps protect this question from spam and nonanswer activity. This interactive activity which helps you learn direct and indirect speech. Reported speech the words or thoughts of a person can be expressed through direct speech in this case we repeat the more or less exact words that were said or filtered through the language and the memory of the speaker, changing pronouns, tenses and other words if necessary. In direct speech we repeat the original speakers exact words. Direct and indirect speech rules and examples english summary. Gaps direct and reported speech bernards heath junior school. First person a pronoun of the first person i, my, me, our, we in direct speech is changed in the indirect to the same person as the subject of the introductory verb, e. It is not necessary to learn complicated rules about indirect speech in english, because most of the. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Reported speech puts the speakers words or ideas into a sentence without quotation marks. Reported speech worksheets, pdf exercises, handouts to print. Question forms and reported speech english grammar ef.
Files included 8 directandreported speech 1examplesandexplanation. Pdf a constructionbased approach to indirect speech acts. Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is when words or phrases are reported in our own words. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past.
She said that she had been sleeping when julie called. We use reporting verbs to introduce the information that was spoken. The powerpoint takes you through the rules in some detail. Present simple reported statement exercise quite easy in pdf here. Reported speech part 1 statements espresso english. The farlex grammar book english grammar inflection accidence conjugation speech reported speech indirect speech reported speech indirect speech what is reported speech. Environment excercises worksheet free esl printable worksheets made by teachers. Students are asked to choose the most suitable option to complete each sentence. To start the next class, the teacher will ask the students to extract each piece and read the concerns aloud. How to prepare for english narrationdirect and indirect. Direct indirect tenses, active passive tenses, english improvement tips, grammar.
You can find the explanations from practical english usage below this exercise. English grammar reported speech 1 reported speech direct and indirect or reported speech. The logic of indirect speech article pdf available in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 1053. Must is a somewhat strong word that means required, nonoptional or mandatory. Direct and indirect speech rules and examples english. How to prepare for english narrationdirect and indirect speech. Normal word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject comes before the verb, and it is not necessary to use do or did. When direct speech changes to reported speech usually the first and second person change to the third person, the present tense changes to the past tense and the adverbs showing nearness in time and position are replaced by adverbs that show distance in time and position. In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without. Unlike direct speech, indirect speech is not usually placed inside quote marks. Indirect reported speech in interaction 169 the result is a vivid portrayal of a locution from a different occasion and footing goffman 1981, purporting to give the recipient access to. Indirect speech statements english lesson part 1 youtube. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. For example, he said im coming is direct speech, whereas he said that he was coming is indirect speech.
Reported speech exercise direct reported is seeing was seeing sees saw saw sawhad seen has seen had seen will see would see is going to see was going to see can see could see direct reported here there this that these those now then today that day. However, both are attributed to the speaker because they come directly from a source. These are the exact words frank said to you yesterday. Indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. Lots of reported speech exercises practise using free interactive quizzes. Direct and indirect speech rules examples narration.
Indirect speech should not be confused with indirect speech acts in grammar, indirect speech often makes use of certain. If we report something around the same time, then we probably do not need to make any changes to time. Direct speech indirect speech where does peter live. Describing and classifying all the cases of the of changing direct to indirect speech. Dont worry about not finding any, there are usually lots. We can report a speakers thoughts and words in our own words, using conjunctions and changing pronouns, tenses and other words where necessary. The following document contains a small, but very accurate summary.
Select examples of these texts and create a small worksheet. Register for free and gain access to additional teacher handouts. Direct and reported speech worksheets with optional. Aug 14, 2019 indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. We often use reported speech when talking about a conversation that happened in the past. Direct and indirect speech exercise english grammar. Question forms and reported speech word order normal word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject comes before the verb, and it is not necessary to use do or did. Time and place in reported speech grammar englishclub.
Tense is the grammatical form of the verb that in the reported clause we sometimes shift back backshift. Preintermediate, intermediate, upperintermediate advanced 4 out of 5, rated by 12 teachers found a mistake. Once again the pronoun is changed to third person and the verb is changed to the past tense. The study a study on direct and indirect speech in english is aimed at. If you enter a room saying i must have a chair you will come of as demanding. I found an old roman coin in the garden yesterday, he said, and i. Files included 8 directandreportedspeech1examplesandexplanation. Includes punctuation and grammar work, written tasks and speaking and listening tasks. Students will become familiar with verb tense changes required for formal reported speech. Change of must in indirect speech as had to should have all depends on how you have taken or noticed the notion of the speaker. When the main idea of a speakers words is reported by another person and the exact. Prepare for this activity by going to a news website and looking around for short news stories with examples of reported speech. When we change the sentence into indirect speech the positions of subject and verb are interchanged, as in.
As a closing activity, the teacher will ask the students to write down one issue they still have with direct and indirect speech, fold the paper and submit it to the teacher. The original words are modified andor interpreted as opposed to being quoted. Well be having the reception in my parents back garden. If the direct speech has a pronoun, its person is changed, when necessary, to refer in the indirect to the same individual as it does in the direct. While changing direct speech into indirect speech the rules of sequence of tenses are follows. Time refers to the actual time that something happens, such as today or now or 5 weeks ago. Change these direct questions into reported speech.
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